Reign: He is believed to have ruled for approximately 19 to 29 years, around 2667–2648 BC
Innovations: Djoser's reign marked a major architectural shift from using mudbricks for tombs to utilizing hewn stone. His chief architect, the brilliant vizier and high priest
Imhotep, designed the Step Pyramid complex, an innovation that paved the way for later pyramid-building traditions.
The Step Pyramid: Located in the Saqqara necropolis, the 60-meter-high Step Pyramid consists of six stacked mastabas (rectangular, flat-topped structures) and is
surrounded by a vast funerary complex. This complex also includes courts and ceremonial structures, such as those used for the Heb-Sed festival, a ritual to rejuvenate the
king's power.
Political Changes: Djoser was the first king to reside exclusively at Memphis, which became the political and cultural capital of the Old Kingdom.
